A case of 'loss of personal identity' is reported in which anterograde and retrograde amnesia developed. The recovery of the forgotten period was experimentally precipitated. The manner in which repressed material returned seemed to indicate that memory organization and delivery of memories into consciousness are effected by strivings, attitudes and affects; that the latter are in the framework of 'personal identity'; that 'loss of personal identity' occurs when too many of these strivings become contradictory to each other and are replaced by a single striving; and that communication of traces responsible for recognition and recall takes place when the attitudes, affects, and strivings underlying the communicating traces are similar.