Dissent in the Early History of Psychoanalysis: Edith Vowinckel Weigert. Psychiatry, V, 1942, pp. 349–359.

In an extremely clear and thoughtful discussion, Weigert describes the early history of psychoanalysis and its relationship to Adlerian and Jungian psychology. Freud accepted the resentments and hostilities of the Victorian age with calmness and humor. However, the same men who expose themselves to the hostility of the world want the security of agreement in the circle of their closest friends. Although every historic review will recognize the leadership of Freud in the field of psychotherapy because of his pioneering creativity and his comprehensive, revolutionizing ideas, no one is justified in settling into a protective personal devotion to his leadership. Adler's merits are his contributions to ego psychology. By the adherence to conventional morality Adler has conquered the field of pedagogy. While Adler was motivated by socialistic ideals, Jung was influenced by a religious background. Freud esteemed Jung even less than Adler. Edith Vowinckel Weigert sees in Jung an example of tragic ambivalent relationship of the Christian pupil not yet free from racial prejudice, to the Jewish master. Similarly to Reik, Jung considers the neurosis of modern man with its obsessional rituals, its dramatization of symbols and its backward directed dependencies, as a private form of religion. The author feels that in the treatment of psychotics Jung's supporting method of therapy may furnish some useful suggestions.