This paper is based on the treatment of one hundred fifty psychiatric casualties who were hospitalized and three hundred ambulatory patients, all connected with RAF ground personnel. The author's conclusions are as follows: refusal to try is not a main cause of failure to adapt to service life. Predisposition is important but is at present overemphasized. The diagnosis of psychoneurosis is much more personal than uniform. There is less hysteria in this war than in the last war. Results of treatment are determined by the speed with which the treatment is instituted. Sedation has been employed for sleeplessness, narcosis therapy is of value for the acute war neurosis and narcoanalysis should be used by those who find it effective. Occupational therapy is found to be the best form of 'ancillary' treatment. The prognosis in general is difficult to determine and is, for the most part, poor. (These findings are not entirely in accordance with the findings in the American Air Force ground personnel.)