This is a convincing philosophical essay explaining that criticisms of determinism based on modern theoretical physics do not touch psychoanalytic theory. 'Meanwhile, unless and until psychology becomes a mathematical science, and that of an advanced kind dealing with ultra-microscopic factors, it may retain the concept of determinism, as did physics prior to subatomic investigation.'

The idea of a free will is not based on intuitive experience, but rather on an unscientific clinging to the wishful idea of 'omnipotence of thought'.