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Masserman, in reëxamining 'some of the former concepts of semeiology and semantics in the light of the newer knowledge of behavior dynamics', stresses the fact—self-evident to every psychoanalyst—that 'signals, signs and symbols' are relative in their meaning, dependent on their environment in the 'continuous series of total perceptions', on 'individual experiences' in the person's past and on 'current motivations, attitudes, and environmental adaptations'. This relativity makes it necessary that patients' utterances be taken by the psychoanalyst in their total dynamic significance and not in any isolated way. (This, according to Masserman, is difficult when the patient lies on the couch, a position which may induce the psychoanalyst 'to take the patient's word-sequences with … constricted a field of reference'. The reviewer is of the opinion that such constriction, if it occurs, would be more the analyst's than the position's fault.) The relativity of the analyst's interpreting words must be considered too, and again the reviewer, in full accordance with the author's general statements, would disagree with his exemplification that this relativity would necessitate a higher estimation of nonverbal therapy, and of changes of environment instead of, or during, a formal psychoanalysis.