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Bergler discusses four types of magic gesture. Type one, described by Liebermann, is an aggressive demonstration of how a person should suffer or perish in which the aggression is turned against the patient's own ego as a result of unconscious feelings of guilt. Type two is a dramatization of the unconscious thought: 'I will show you, my bad mother (father), how I wanted to be treated'. This is genetically psychic masochism, occurring in alcoholics, gamblers and other oral personalities. Type three is the 'negative magic gesture': 'I will show you how I did not want to be treated'. An example is the patient who uses silence as a weapon of resistance because he resents the analyst's silence. The last type is exemplified by a woman who was brought up with the philosophy that a cold and detached behavior toward her child was the best educational method, and who displayed rage toward her equally cold husband who unconsciously represented her mother to her. Her rows repeated her fruitless attempts to get some affective reaction, even hatred, from her cold mother. Bergler contends that no analysis is complete which does not change the need for neurotic magic gestures.