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A German-speaking military intelligence officer, Captain Gilbert arrived in Nuremberg with a load of prisoners on October 20, 1945. That day the International Military Tribunal received the indictment against the twenty-three Nazi war criminals then in custody in the Nuremberg jail. As prison psychologist for the duration of the trial it was Captain Gilbert's duty to maintain close daily contact with the prisoners in order to keep the prison commandant aware of their state of morale, and to help in any way possible to assure their standing trial with orderly discipline. He also collaborated with the psychiatric commissions and the prison psychiatrists in the mental examinations.
For a month prior to the trial Captain Gilbert administered psychological tests and established personal contact with the prisoners. They were in solitary confinement and found relief from their isolation in Captain Gilbert's visits. At his request they autographed his copy of the indictment and also wrote a brief statement of their opinion. Raeder refused to coöperate, and Ley committed suicide after an agitated tirade.
Captain Gilbert jotted down many fragments of his conversations