The medical patient has a relation to his medical man which resembles a psychoanalytic transference. He comes to the doctor with an attitude that has a history. Medical men now are becoming aware of the rôle of transference in diagnosis and therapy. Lewin points out that careful consideration should be given to the phenomenon of countertransference. A wealth of carefully recorded observations is given illustrating the important influence of countertransference in medical practice. Special emphasis is placed on the development of the physician's attitude towards his patient whose prototype is the physician's