Chisholm was the Executive Secretary1 of the Interim Commission of the World Health Organization, as well as Director General of the Medical Services of the Canadian Army. In this paper he stresses the fact that man will have to live in peace or he will not survive at all. Men never had to do this before, but with the atomic age there is no choice. The World Health Organization has as one of its main functions the responsibility of bringing up children capable of living in ways which we adults have not yet been able to achieve. They must be capable of facing realities honestly, even though they are frightening, and they must learn how to live in disagreement with others without resorting to violence. Sixty-four nations have signed the charter of the World Health Organization.