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This paper is an attempt to remedy the alleged lack in the literature of a single case of lobotomy adequately studied. The patient, a man of fifty-four, with compulsive-obsessive symptoms as well as a sexual perversion, underwent lobotomy in 1941. Five years after the operation he was discovered in a locked psychiatric ward with a full-blown psychosis. The authors carefully studied the clinical data and concluded that the lobotomy produced the dementia.