Robbins reviews and summarizes the conclusions of various observers regarding the psychological factors in the hypertensive patient. The hypertensive

has been generally deprived of adequate parental love in childhood and suppresses his hostile feelings in order to establish a passive-dependent attachment to one or both of the parents. These people become obedient and submissive and deal with authority by appeasement and ingratiation. They react against these strivings by developing a superficial character of stubbornness, passive defiance and spite. They develop manifest symptoms when their relationship to a parental figure is threatened. The hypertensive has been unable to find a suitable way of expressing either his dependent strivings or his hostile, aggressive impulses.