In this lecture read at the Annual Memorial Meeting of the Schilder Society, January 1948, a senior practitioner of psychoanalysis speaks his mind. He reviews in an able and mature manner the battles which psychoanalysis had and still has to fight. He makes it clear that during the past fifty years the true nature of the opposition has not altered no matter how well disguised as psychosomatic medicine or as 'psychoanalysis without psychoanalysis', as Wittels calls it. Included in the lecture is a restatement of the basic discoveries of psychoanalysis with proper emphasis on the importance of the 'fore-neuroses' of children. The presentation is original and in many places refreshing, e.g., 'obsessional neurosis is based on a pathological hypertrophy of ego functions'.