Principles of psychology can be usefully applied in the understanding of the behavior of nations. Holland was chosen as the subject of this interesting study in international psychology—mainly because of its prosperous and peaceful past extending over centuries. It was to be expected that the reactions of this sheltered and invariably well-tended child among the European countries to the impact of World War II would be psychologically more discernible than those of countries which previously had been subjected to such impacts. Three national phenomena are singled out by Gess for dynamic understanding. Firstly, the individual approach to (nutritional) reconstruction upon liberation characterized