The relationship between man and his culture is explored by drawing parallels between the individual psychopathology of Eissler's patient on the one hand and the salient points of an ancient culture as interpreted by Spengler on the other. Spengler stressed ancient man's preoccupation with the present, his detachment from past or future, his emphasis on body structure as opposed to infinite space and his lack of spatial depiction or of horizon in his artistic creations. Ancient man thought of his existence as point-oriented rather than as part of a continuum. The behavior and findings in Eissler's patient were strikingly similar in her sexual function, her style of painting, her choice of colors (the red and yellow of the ancients), and in other important respects. Eissler raises the question as to whether a refined ego psychology may reveal data throwing light on past historical periods analogous, perhaps, to the inferences one may draw from archeological remnants.