Ekstein discusses the interrelationship between structure and process in psychotherapy. Just as the structure of a chess game influences the process of that game, so also the limits and rules of a therapeutic procedure determine its process: those rules create a psychological atmosphere, and allow certain observations and certain experiences. This becomes especially evident when one compares different therapeutic schools. Thus, the expectations of the nondirective therapist (Rogers) are very different from the expectations (point of view) of the analyst. The specific prescribed procedure in each instance compels a different type of process for these two therapists. The analytic structure ('rules of the game') includes such elements as dream interpretation, free association, transference, symbolism, etc.; such a structure precludes 'the kind of predictability Rogers seems to speak about'. Ekstein proposes that psychotherapeutic research would be benefitted by the study of 'small structural changes within the large framework of tried and tested psychoanalytic procedure'.