Furmanski studied one hundred adult cases of migraine, sixty-five women and thirty-five men, from the standpoint of character traits in accordance with psychoanalytic characterologic concepts. His patients were found to have, to a remarkable degree, character traits which result from either direct or reactive responses to oral and anal fixation and, in general, pronounced narcissism, marked ambivalence, strongly repressed aggression, an intense need for love and approval, and a forbidding superego. The parental histories show either lack of affection and/or rigid training and discipline. The migraine attack begins when a situation results in an intensification of aggression beyond the limit of tolerance. Migraine is considered a vegetative neurosis, brought about by the physiologic vasomotor manifestations of repressed hostility.