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Monkeys were used to follow the gastric acidity and blood sugar levels under experimentally induced anxiety. The monkeys were studied behaviorally and biochemically under controlled conditions and at times they were subjected to stimuli which would tend to duplicate acute and chronic anxiety. The methods used are described. They were based on previous experiments done by Mahl on dogs which had demonstrated that chronic fear produced experimentally was associated with increased heart rate and increased HCl secretion in dogs. The results and observations were inconsistent with the extension of Cannon's emergency theory from acute to chronic emotions. The present effort confirmed the previous findings that HCl secretion did not increase under acute anxiety but does under chronic fear. The stimulation must produce sustained fear and under this circumstance will produce progressive change in HCl secretion. The blood sugar responses varied independently from the HCl responses and hence did not mediate the HCl changes. Mahl feels to the extent that an anxiety hypothesis of peptic ulcer etiology predicts the positive chronic fear or anxiety HCl secretion relationship, the results of the study confirm it. Rejection of this hypothesis, based on the extension of Cannon's emergency theory to chronic emotions, is shown to be invalid. He concludes from the social behavior of his monkeys that Alexander's extension of the emergency theory to chronic emotions and the companion concept of 'vegetative retreat' do not adequately fit the experimental findings. Mahl says that the reactions of the monkeys were independent of the early oral trauma, that they did not show any evidence of regression to oral-dependent behavior, and that all the test findings can be explained on the basis of chronic fear.