Kane, Hurdum and Schaerer report an analysis of the results of one hundred twenty-two patients treated by prefrontal lobotomy at the Binghamton State Hospital, Binghamton, New York, from 1946 to the end of 1950. Of the one hundred and twenty-two patients, one hundred and six were schizophrenics. Almost all had failed previously to respond to one or more forms of shock therapy. Following operation, sixty-four percent showed considerable improvement and twenty-eight and one-half percent were able to leave the hospital. The authors feel that prefrontal lobotomy 'has now become our most important tool in the treatment of chronic mental illness'.