After a critical survey of the differences among the theoretical approaches to acute schizophrenia, the author sets out to demonstrate the clinical application of Melanie Klein's theories of early superego development. The acute catatonic behavior is skilfully and consistently interpreted in terms of 'projective identification' with the externalized bad objects on the one hand, and their introjection on the other. It is shown by manifold clinical examples how the destructive impulses toward the outside objects threaten the self with destruction because of projective identification (i.e. primary narcissism), and how the entering into the inside by the good object serves the purpose of reestablishment of the good object within (i.e. restitution). The author takes a definite stand against reassurance and dramatic impersonation of good objects that results in the projection of the patient's ego and superego on the therapist, leading to dependence, whereas the constant analysis of positive and negative transference in Kleinian terms leads to dynamic changes in the psychic structure.