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Gaw, Reichard and Tillman found in their private psychoanalytic clinic that with routine psychiatric interviews about twenty-eight percent of their patients were diagnosed as schizoid and schizophrenic. When they gave their patients a more comprehensive examination which included a battery of psychological tests and presented their cases at staff conference, they noted that the percentage of schizoid and schizophrenic patients climbed to fifty-two percent. The authors found that the following symptomatology helped them make the diagnosis of schizophrenia in obscure cases: 1, loosening and splitting of associations in that some aspects of primary process thinking invade the secondary process; 2, affect disturbances in the form of inappropriate affect, flattening of affect and inassuageable anger; 3, withdrawal from reality, particularly from object relationships.
The authors feel that a careful diagnosis does away with the need for trial analysis. In their experience psychoanalytic or depth therapy is not indicated in schizophrenia and emphasis should be on 'life-preservative activities, especially adequate self-support, and on the development of avocational interests'.