Twenty Years of Psychoanalysis: Edited by Franz Alexander, M.D. and Helen Ross. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., Inc., 1953. 308 pp.

This book records a symposium held on the twentieth anniversary of the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis. The psychoanalytic movement, says Alexander in A Review of Two Decades, has undergone transition from a heroic, militant phase to one of consolidation; the responsibilities the movement has today require a change in its attitude toward the nonpsychoanalytic world, especially toward medicine and psychiatry. At the same time we must change our attitude toward our own knowledge and our methods of teaching and treatment. The Institute emphasizes research because of the conviction that psychoanalysis is not a static body of knowledge inherited from Freud, but a developing discipline which should avoid rigid indoctrination and be open-minded to experimentation and new developments.

Adelaide M. Johnson in a chapter, Psychoanalytic Therapy, gives a clear exposition of the points of view of the Chicago Institute on such matters as diagnosis, choice and goals of treatment, essentials of the therapeutic process, and timing of sessions. The lucidity of her thoroughly analytic presentation has a winning quality which makes one wonder if the much criticized Chicago deviations from the classical technique are really as wide as heated arguments have made them appear. The 'corrective emotional experience', for example, appears to be but a new name for the effect of correct analysis of transference. Johnson, following Alexander, claims that the Chicago group has added a new factor to transference as described by Freud, 'namely, that the therapist does not respond