Diagnosis and treatment should be based on concepts of health as well as of disease. Descriptively the concept of health is synonymous with that of personality or constitution; all three involve the total psychophysical organism in its various manifestations. Despite the seeming paradox, health may have its own pathology. Inherent defects and limitations abound in everyone but need not be regarded as disease so long as functioning is satisfactory. Therapy directed at symptoms of illness differs from therapy directed at a restitution of healthful activities. Psychoanalysis in particular, with its alteration of neurotic personality traits, serves the latter purpose.