It has long been recognized that supervision of clinical work is an essential part of a psychiatric training program. Dr. Fleming believes that this kind of

instruction involves three types of learning. The first type she designates as imitative learning; it is based on learning by identification. There are disadvantages in this type of learning, since without the appropriate clinical and theoretical understanding it can lead to difficulties. Corrective learning deals with the recognition of blind spots in the therapist's technique, which includes confronting the student with his problems of countertransference. A third type of learning is creative learning, in which the student learns to use his own free associations in combination with his understanding of the dynamics and structure of the particular patient.