This preliminary report illustrates with three clinical descriptions the use of countertransference in psychoanalytic treatment. The author feels that hate or anger in the analyst is usually an indication that aggressiveness and anxiety are present in the patient. Boredom of the analyst approximately mirrors criticism of the analyst by the patient's superego. In brief, the countertransference illuminates the transference. Countertransference can also be used to indicate what part of the material should be used by the analyst. The intensity of the analyst's feeling shows what is important. A more complete study of this subject by this author has since appeared (Int. J. Psa., XXXIV, 1953, pp. 313-324).