Beach points out the crucial issues in the relationship between psychiatric theory and research using animals. He is objectively critical, even of his own excellent work in the field; yet he is hopeful that research in animal behavior will in future be correlated with theories of human behavior. The article presents a highly condensed survey of the subject under five headings: 'neurotic' behavior in animals, personality and temperament, social interaction, ontogenesis of behavior, and physiological mediators of behavior.