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A series of experiments on the olfactory responses of various animals showed that olfactory stimuli are less important determinants of behavior in normal monkeys than they are in animals experimentally conditioned to frightening stimuli. Odor becomes relatively unacceptable when it is associated with an unpleasant experience. The aversion may become more intense and persistent than similar conditioned responses in other sensory modalities. Bilateral lesions of the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus in fifteen cats produced amnesia