A reader unfamiliar with Professor Skinner's everblooming diatribes against psychoanalysis will be shocked by this article after Frenkel-Brunswik's masterly presentation. This is a pathetic temper tantrum against Freud; there is no attempt to differentiate Freudian from freudian, no real awareness of the history of psychoanalysis or of science. Like many other critics, the author does not realize that psychoanalysis cannot stand or fall on the validity or invalidity of certain of Freud's concepts and speculations. For example, the hypothesis of a death instinct is not essential to psychoanalysis; many, perhaps most, psychoanalysts do not accept it. Freud himself stated that the hypothesis belonged to biology rather than psychoanalysis. Similarly, psychoanalysis is unimpaired by Freud's inconsistencies and contradictions in his many references to the 'mental apparatus' over which Skinner seems to gloat. Freud clearly delineated what is essential to psychoanalytic theory.