This paper, which reports a part of the study of schizophrenic children at Bellevue Hospital, describes the treatment by psychotherapy of children under six years of age diagnosed as schizophrenic. (Three had also been given electroshock therapy, which is believed to have made possible their psychotherapy.) All were much improved after psychotherapy based upon Bender's theory that schizophrenia is a developmental lag of biological processes. Techniques included the use of the child's symptomatic defenses and neurotic mechanisms, symbolic fulfilment, flexible pressure, and psychophysical relationship with the therapist—all directed toward 'aiding and encouraging the building of new boundaries and compartments in which the compartment of everyday reality played the top role in an orderly hierarchy'.