This paper reports a psychological study of two groups of white married women, one with cancer of the cervix, and the other with cancer of the breast. Each woman received a number of psychological tests and an interview. The findings in each group are compared with those in control groups and with the results of similar studies by Tarlau and Smalheiser and by Bacon, Renicher, and Cutler. Some of the findings of the previous studies could not be substantiated, but some were confirmed. It is concluded that trends and differences observed in the groups justify further studies, especially of early childhood environment, attitudes of parents, and sexual attitudes and behavior. Should greater differences be found in future studies, however, one might question to what extent these are referable to the presence of cancer, and to what extent they are influenced by the patient's knowledge that she has cancer of a particular organ.