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Experience with schizophrenics who have undergone extreme regression and deterioration of ego indicates that the transference is the most important instrument of treatment, as it is in classical analysis. The schizophrenic does not spontaneously develop a transference; it must be induced by the analyst. It is essential to establish contact with the patient at the exact level to which he has regressed. This sometimes requires physical care and other procedures directed to the 'body ego'. In the transference these patients express their repetition-compulsion in two ways: they repeat expressions of frustrated primary needs, and they repeat the defenses established earlier against these frustrations. Needs that have been revealed in delusional psychotic behavior are, in treatment, directed in a purposeful way toward the analyst, who becomes the object of the hope of finding an ideal mother. The patient's authentic needs should be satisfied at the level at which he expresses them: a symbolic-projective level. The transference is a 'true graft', and with it the patient surrenders his autistic state in favor of a symbiotic state. Only when this has been established can identification with the mother, and then