Identification, which can occur only after differentiation between the self and the outer world, permits the ego by introjection or incorporation to assume the

image or characteristics of another. Through identification one's bodily and psychic needs are met, learning is achieved, and a basis for the ego ideal is established. Identifications with the analyst may be normal or pathological. But the analyst's identification with the analysand may be a source of difficulty. If the analyst has a well-balanced personality, identification leads to favorable 'reeducational aftergrowth'.