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Sixty children, all of whom had been patients in a tuberculosis sanatorium for periods of months or years starting before their fourth birthday, were studied at a time when they had reached ages ranging from seven to thirteen and a half and were living at home and attending school. This group was matched with a control group according to age and sex and class in school. The data were obtained from teachers' and psychologists' reports. The sanatorium children showed greater withdrawal, apathy, roughness, and bad temper than the control children, but they were less maladjusted and retarded than the institutionalized children permanently separated from their mothers whom Goldfarb has described. Disability in the present study was less than expected. At least half the group made friends reasonably well and few appeared to be delinquent. The authors believe that statements implying that children brought up in institutions or those who suffer other forms of serious deprivation in early life commonly develop psychopathic or affectionless characters are mistaken. The outcome is varied, and of those who are damaged only a small minority develop those very serious disabilities of personality that first drew attention to the pathogenic nature of separation and institutionalization. The authors add, however, that their present study gives no ground for complacency.