Certain lacunae in Freud's theory of culture are discussed. There is a need, not for massive and unverifiable generalizations but for a refinement of concepts and empirical validation. The differences between science and values indicate that the position of

psychoanalysis is a very difficult one: to the degree that it is a science of human behavior, it must be rigorously amoral and asocial; to the degree that it is a therapy, it must accept the orientations, limitations, and responsibilities of the prudent physician, who, though he is not a scientist, is a prince among pragmatists. Although the two aspects of psychoanalysis coincide, they should be conceptualized apart, and perhaps in time be separated. The antiscientific quality of the contemporary intellectual atmosphere is also discussed.