The congenitally blind and, with few exceptions, those blinded before the age of five do not have visual dreams, the predominant sensory modality being hearing. Those blinded later than age seven tend to retain visual memory and visual dream imagery. The phenomenological differences between the dreams of the blind and the seeing are not fundamental. They require no revision of the psychoanalytic theory of dreams. The typical dream of the blind is a dream 'from above', one that is determined primarily by serious reality problems and it usually contains some prominent spoken statement, or other superego elements more closely related to the day's residue than to deeply repressed conflicts. Five dreams of the blind are presented chiefly to illustrate their variety and the relationship of the dream to the psychic problems of the blind dreamer, especially

the problems concerning his blindness. The outstanding contributions in the literature on dreams of the blind are reviewed.