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Holzman and Klein are mainly concerned with questions relating to differences in the way people experience the same event. They distinguish between two ways in which the perceiver may modify his perceptions. First, there is modification of perception in accordance with temporary states of need: for example, thirst may create a readiness to perceive water. Second, and less commonly considered, there is modification of perception in accordance with fixed perceptual attitudes which are characteristic and constant for any individual and are not necessarily in the service of drive discharge. For example, the subjects in a perceptual experiment varied from each other in a consistent way in their ability to match sizes. The authors suggest a possible relation between an individual's 'perceptual attitudes' and his defenses. They observed that those subjects who used the psychological mechanism of isolation tended to be highly objective and discriminating in their perception of objects (to be 'focusers') whereas those who used repression tended to be nonfocusers. Visual forms that are loosely organized seem to lend themselves to perceptual modification more than those forms that are tightly organized.