This volume consists of theoretical exposition and attempts to apply it to the clinical case material reported. Here and there throughout the text and in a supplementary chapter the author responds to the sharp criticisms of the earlier volumes of the series,1 taking note of the propriety of relating his theories to the work of others, but not grappling seriously with the issues raised.

Goals stated in the foreword are to understand 'how the treatment exerts its influence on the patient' from day to day, and 'how behavior is integrated by combination and coördination of more elementary reaction patterns' (p.v).

In French's 'modified traumatic theory' of neurosis, a trauma is 'any situation or event that more or less permanently interrupts the process of learning by experience' (p. 30). The ego's normal activity is integrative, becoming defensive only when necessary to prevent reactivation of a traumatic memory. Although at first we are told