Rado revises his theory of narcotic addiction and rephrases his original reports in terms of adaptational psychodynamics. He considers drug dependence to be

caused by a miscarriage of repair, transforming realistic self-government into narcotic self-government. Regression from the 'tested self' to the 'primordial self' takes place. Thus infantile magic is revived. Narcotic pleasure leads to elation and a craving for elation which veil a basic narcotic delusion of grandeur. The patient then abandons his enlightened hedonic responses based on delayed reward, and infantile immediate reward is sought through drugs.