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Before the introduction of the tranquilizer drugs reserpine and chlorpromazine, there was a yearly average increase of two thousand patients in the New York State mental hospitals. In 1955-1956, the hospital population showed a decrease of five hundred patients. There was an actual increase in the number of discharges as well as a decrease in the rate of return. Management of patients was made much easier as evidenced by a reduction of seventy-five per cent in the number of patients under restraint.