True integration of the legal and psychiatric professions requires the solution of 'important value conflicts in modern Western culture concerning the handling of human problems'. For example, the psychiatrist functions implicitly with a philosophy and set of assumptions traditional to natural science; the lawyer and judge are consciously and unconsciously motivated by the nonscientific nature of the law. A worker in applied science is responsible for the future consequences of the application of his knowledge. The lawyer, especially the judge, is free from such responsibility provided his decision is correctly adapted to the past history of the case. As far as the ideology of the community at large is concerned, 'it is easy to see why a shift of emphasis from "sin" to "illness" is a prerequisite to the introduction of scientific and personal reactions to human conflicts' as replacements for the traditional impersonal and talion concepts of the law. Aubert's training in the law, sociology, and the behavioral sciences is reflected in his development of these themes.