If therapeutic groups do not break barriers between unconscious, preconscious, and conscious by superseding archaic superegos, their chief function is as an introduction to individual psychotherapy. Group interaction often reveals unconscious processes which individuals cannot tolerate facing in a group. When they can, insight does not always result in clinical improvement, though the group association may permit some improvement to appear. The author asks: 1. How does the splintering of transference which occurs in groups influence a member's ability to communicate painful material and to relive early identifications? 2. Does the sharing of unconscious fantasies increase resistance and induce multiple identifications? 3. At what level does communication take place?