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In a rather long discussion, the author explains his differences with Freud's theories of anxiety and presents arguments for his 'dualistic' theory. In Flescher's hypothesis, 'dual' is based on the fact that instinctual and emotional manifestations are alloys of erotic and aggressive drives and their derivatives. ('Dualistic' hence implies something different from the use of 'unitary' by Dr. Rangell in the preceding article.) Flescher conceives of anxiety as a discharge reaction to a dangerous situation which is prevented from motor expression, and believes that it is aggressive in origin even when sexual impulses are involved, for frustration of the sexual wish leads to defusion of the libidinal and aggressive drives. Physiologically, anxiety has more in common with rage and fear than with libido; it is a physically atrophied aggressive reaction aimed at eliminating the danger. The aggression is directed against reality or its internalized substitute, but the child's fear of retaliation from the parents or superego, based on its own aggressive wishes, keeps it from direct expression. The energies of the nonmaterialized aggressive action are used by the ego for repression. Therefore anxiety and countercathexis are both of aggressive origin.