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Fairbairn reviews briefly his theory of personality. He does not believe that psychoanalytic treatment of adults is really an education nor that patients are really interested in exploring their personalities. It follows from his theory that a patient's disability stems from unsatisfactory and unsatisfying object relations in childhood, the memory of which relations persists in 'inner reality'. The aim of therapy must be to set right these earlier relations; this aim can be promoted by having the patient sit in a chair rather than lie on a couch with the therapist out of sight. The author believes that it is not only the transference relation but also the total continuing relation between patient and analyst that is therapeutically important. The original ego is split by hatred of the original object and the aim of treatment is to promote a resynthesis of the split ego. The major resistance in treatment results from the fact that aggression has been internalized and remains unexpressed in order to protect the object. Psychoanalytic therapy must attempt to externalize this aggression and make the patient's inner world accessible to outer reality.