Subjects with high castration-anxiety scores showed a significantly greater increase in fear of death than subjects with low castration-anxiety scores, after being exposed to the pictures of nude women. No such differences were found with the corresponding groups who were shown pictures of fashion models. Subjects who differed in the strength of their moral standards of sexual behavior did not differ significantly in their fear-of-death scores after being exposed to the more sexually arousing pictures; hence this plausible alternative explanation of the obtained results could be rejected.