Twenty-six deaf college students were interviewed to determine whether persons without normal auditory and verbal perceptual and communication processes modify these processes in their dreams. Characteristic differences from the dreams of hearing people were found, most marked in the congenitally deaf. Sign language or an intuitive understanding was the usual means of communication in the dream. In the 'anxious' dreams of the congenitally deaf there was significant prevalence of primitive signs, i.e., gestural communication conveying strong affect deriving from parental figures in childhood. In general, the earlier the development of deafness, the more vivid, three dimensional, and colorful the dreams, and the more frequently they were recalled. In analogy to the situation