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The author suggests that the concept of dual instinctual drives as quantities of energy with inherent opposing aims should be modified because it is not logically in keeping with current scientific knowledge of energy and dynamic transactional systems. Starting with the idea that primary aggression is present in man as a
tendency toward destructiveness (a need to attack, injure, or destory himself or others) and that it is considered to be the expression of an instinct in the same sense as man's striving to live, to have sexual satisfaction, and to reproduce, Pleune then proceeds to discuss his thought that Freud's model of psychic energy drive and aim should be revised. He feels that Freud's concept that an inherent aim or goal to which biologically-produced psychic energy strives has produced awkward theoretical problems in the light of physical science, which indicates that energy has no aim. It is the author's opinion that aggression is not a primary biological need or aim but rather an intermediate phenomenon in the course of trying to satisfy the primary drives toward maintenance and reproduction.