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The early chapters of Salzman's book about developments in psychoanalysis are disappointing. His accounts of Freud, Adler, Jung, Ferenczi, and others seem to this reviewer not only rudimentary but biased, and occasionally inaccurate. For example, Topology is a faulty heading for a discussion of Freud's structural approach. A brief criticism of the preconscious misses the point of Freud's careful description of topography in its relationship to the structural constructs of id, ego, and superego. Surely Freud himself refuted the allegation (repeated here) that the unconscious is merely the repository of infantile urges and repressions.
When it reaches Horney, the book picks up momentum and skill. The account of Horney is first rate. Emphasis is laid mainly on her last book, Neurosis and Human Growth, but not without adequate discussion of Our Inner Conflicts and earlier books suggesting the cultural element in neurosis. Her later concern with the self as an entity is related to Adler and in a way to Jung. This reviewer regrets that it is not carried forward explicitly. Fromm is described as a sociologist and philosopher of ethics. Escape from Freedom (1941) was a very important book for clinicians struggling to see their patients and themselves in a social perspective. One wonders why Kardiner's more systematic efforts to study the relation between the individual and his culture are not even mentioned.
The next author discussed is Sullivan, and here Salzman really feels at home. He comments that Sullivan is the most fruitful contributor to psychiatric theory since Freud. He evolved a complete theory of personality that concerns itself largely with the adaptability of the individual to the culture and to other individuals. He combined the contributions of earlier thinkers into an approach which Salzman considers 'closest to an operational statement of human behavior that has been developed up to date'. The next chapter deals with later 'neofreudians'. Rad