The ubiquitous phenomenon of venally exploiting the sense of guilt in an individual and among groups large and small is studied psychoanalytically. The evolution of the device as a mode of adaptation in more complex and sophisticated societies is traced. In accordance with the principle of multiple functioning, other mechanisms and applications of the device are identified. Genetic precursors of the phenomenon are suggested,

and speculations proposed to account for predispositions to the roles of exploiter and of exploited victim. Comparisons with and differentiation from analogous phenomena are drawn.