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I. Introduction. Philip M. Kitay. Pp. 191-194.
Fifty years of progress in psychiatry, psychoanalysis, and psychology since the publication of the Schreber case provide a basis for re-examining it. In addition, we have new material on Schreber and his family unearthed by Baumeyer and Niederland, and the provocative contentions of Macalpine and Hunter that Schreber suffered from doubt and uncertainty in sex identification rather than unconscious homosexuality as Freud concluded.
II. Observations on Paranoia and Their Relationship to the Schreber Case. Arthur C. Carr. Pp. 195-200.
Studies questioning Freud's formulation that paranoid delusions are a defense against unconscious homosexuality do not challenge the theory as seriously as first appears. Both hostility and homosexuality appear defended against in Schreber's case rather than, as some have contended, that the latter defends against the former. Back of the delusions in paranoia can often be found an early history of denial by family members of the validity of a perception found by the patient to be accurate. In Schreber's case this factor appears in the form of sadistic treatment by the father while he verbalized a quite different morality. Besides the other defenses that have been described in paranoia—projection, denial, and introjection—rationalization should be considered.