Even the most chronic symptoms of schizophrenia are not simply a debris from earlier phases of the illness, but are an intensely alive, unconscious effort by the patient to recapture, maintain, and free himself from relationships of childhood which he re-establishes in the present, including that with the therapist. Four varieties of transference psychosis are distinguished: 1, the therapist feels unrelated to the patient and treated as inanimate or inhuman; 2, the relationship is ambivalent; 3, the patient's psychosis attempts to help the therapist-parent establish himself as a whole and separate person; 4, the patient attempts an ambivalently symbiotic relationship in which the therapist is to do his thinking for him, and he is to become a separately-thinking, separately-functioning person through sadistic undoing of the therapist's efforts. Extensive clinical material illustrates the four categories.