The author presents a rather comprehensive review of the psychoanalytic literature on music, and summarizes the diverse libidinal sources of and contributions to music. The nature of pleasure in music seems to be highly overdetermined. Many id strivings find refuge in music; the ego uses music for organization, mastery, and defense; the superego gratification centers around adherence to formal rules and the distractions offered. While noting the special problems of interpreting this nonverbal, nonrepresentational medium, the author believes that psychoanalysis offers an ideal means for the exploration of the meanings of music.